Miscellaneous

The Realist School of Jurisprudence emerged in the early 20th century, mainly in the United States, as a radical shift from traditional legal theories. Unlike earlier schools that focused on abstract rules and logic, Realists emphasized “law in action” rather than “law in books. ”Realists believe that law is not a set of fixed, logical rules but what judges actually decide in real cases, influenced by social, political, psychological, and personal factors. This school focuses on the practical working of law in courts and society.

Have you ever felt that the law was written by and for someone else? Feminist jurisprudence seeks to answer exactly that question .It is a way of understanding law through the lens of gender. Rather than assuming law is perfectly neutral, this approach examines how legal rules and institutions often reflect and reinforce patriarchal patterns that disadvantage women. At its heart, feminist jurisprudence listens to women’s real life experiences ,from domestic violence and sexual harassment to unequal pay and caregiving burdens and asks how the law can be reshaped to deliver genuine fairness and justice for everyone .It is not just criticism; it is a call for meaningful reform that makes law more inclusive, compassionate, and responsive to the diversity of human lives .

Living Law According to Eugen Ehrlich Eugen Ehrlich, a pioneering figure in the Sociological School of Jurisprudence, introduced the influential concept of Living Law (lebendes Recht). Unlike positive law the formal rules enacted and enforced by the state Living Law refers to the unwritten social norms, customs, traditions, and practices that actually govern human behavior in everyday life. For Ehrlich, the real “living law” emerges organically from society itself and often carries greater practical authority than statutes or court decisions. Through this lens, he advocated for legal pluralism and emphasized that the center of legal development lies not in legislation, but in society .This article explores Ehrlich’s theory of Living Law, its key features, distinction from state law, criticisms, and its enduring relevance in modern legal systems.

Nationality is one of the most fundamental concepts in public international law. It establishes the legal bond between an individual and a sovereign state, forming the primary basis for diplomatic protection, state jurisdiction, and international rights and obligations. While often equated with citizenship domestically, nationality in international law focuses on the interstate relationship. States enjoy broad discretion in determining their nationals, but this power is limited by customary rules, human rights norms, and treaty obligations particularly the prohibitions on arbitrary deprivation of nationality and statelessness .This article examines the meaning of nationality, the main modes of its acquisition and loss, and the evolving balance between state sovereignty and international standards.

Learn how to improve your legal CV with internships, moot courts, legal drafting, research, and certifications. A complete guide for law students.

Confused about pursuing an LL.M. after LL.B.? This honest guide for law students explains when LL.M. is necessary and when experience matters more.

The peaceful settlement of disputes is a cornerstone of international law and an essential mechanism for maintaining international peace and security. Under Article 2(3) and Article 33 of the United Nations Charter, States are obligated to resolve international disputes through peaceful means such as negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement, rather than the use of force. International dispute resolution mechanisms, including the International Court of Justice (ICJ), play a crucial role in ensuring that conflicts related to treaties, territorial sovereignty, trade, and human rights are addressed in accordance with established principles of international law. These peaceful methods promote cooperation, legal certainty, and respect for State sovereignty. By emphasizing diplomacy and legal processes, the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes strengthens the rule of law at the global level and helps prevent escalation of conflicts. Understanding this principle is essential for students, legal professionals, and anyone seeking clarity on international law concepts.

The Immigration and Foreigners Act, 2025, enacted on April 4, 2025, transforms India's immigration laws by merging outdated statutes like the Passport Act, 1920, and Foreigners Act, 1946. Effective from September 1, 2025, it mandates valid passports and visas (Section 3), sets up the Bureau of Immigration (Section 5), and requires foreigner registration (Section 6). It also obliges accommodations, universities, and hospitals to report details (Sections 8-10) and holds carriers accountable with penalties for non-compliance (Sections 17-19). Offenses like illegal entry face up to 5 years imprisonment (Sections 21-23). Learn more about India’s updated immigration rules on Law by Khyati.

In 2025, Cybercrimes against women in India, from online harassment to cyberstalking, are on the rise. With robust laws like the IT Act and Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, India is strengthening its fight against digital abuse. Learn how to report cybercrimes, protect yourself online, and navigate legal remedies with expert insights from Law by Khyati. Stay safe and empowered in the digital age!

Excerpt: Cybercrimes in India – A Growing Digital Threat As India embraces its digital revolution with over 800 million internet users, cybercrimes have surged, posing risks to individuals, businesses, and national security. From the ₹94 crore Cosmos Bank hack in 2018 to the recent Rashmika Mandanna deepfake scandal, incidents highlight the evolving nature of online threats. With weak cyber hygiene, inadequate law enforcement, and cross-border challenges fueling the rise, the economic toll reached billions in 2022 alone. A multi-pronged approach, including awareness campaigns and global cooperation, is crucial to secure the nation’s digital future.

Complete guide to Basic Tenets of the Realist School of Jurisprudence. Easy explanation with key thinkers (Holmes, Frank, Llewellyn), real-life examples, comparison table, Indian relevance, and criticism for law students.